阻抗障碍物声散射的反问题

研究了从声散射场的远场分布的信息来再现声阻抗障碍物形状的反问题,建立了求解这类反问题的一种非线性最优化模型,并提出了数值实现该非线性最优化模型的一种两步调整迭代算法.两步过程的应用使在确定未知障碍物形状的非线性最优化步中未知函数的个数达到了最少,而在调整迭代过程中,通过利用前一迭代步所得重构信息,使重构精度得到了相当大的改进.所建立的反演算法的一个特别吸引人的性质是,只需要远场分布的一个Fourier系数即可对未知声阻抗障碍物作几何物形的设别.对大量具有各种几何形状的二维障碍物的数值算例保证了本算法是实用和有效的.     

形变量对MAE及BN的影响

研究了无取向硅钢Ｗ２３Ｇ，Ｗ１０，Ｗ１４和取向硅钢Ｑ８Ｇ４种材料在不同形变量下的磁声发射（ＭＡＥ）和巴克豪森噪音（ＢＮ），结果表明ＭＡＥ随形变量增大而减少，ＢＮ随形变量的增大而增大．测量了形变量为１０．４％的Ｗ１８和Ｗ２３Ｇ在１００，２００，３００，…，７００°Ｃ各退火１ｈ的ＭＡＥ与ＢＮ值．其中ＭＡＥ值随退火温度的升高逐渐增大，ＢＮ值在高于５００°Ｃ退火时明显下降．并对上述实验结果进行了详细讨论．     

声表面波梯形谐振滤波器的级间补偿

梯形SAW滤波器在进行级联后,其通带的低端会出现下陷,使得级联后的通带特性变坏。本文从阻抗匹配的角度分析了通带低端出现下陷的原因,并采用了在级间加谐振器进行补偿的改进方法,最后给出了理论模拟及实验结果。     

二维非极性晶体中声学形变势表面磁极化子

本文研究磁场中二维非极性晶体通过形变势与声学声子强、弱耦合的表面极化子的性质。采用线性组合算符和拉格朗日乘子法导出表面磁极化子的基态能量。讨论了表面磁极化子的振动频率、基态能量和有效质量与磁场的关系。     

声发射特性与材料断裂韧性相关性研究

以高强度铝合金的断裂过程为研究对象，利用先进的声发射试验系统，考察了拉伸试样和带有预制疲劳裂纹的DCB试样在断裂时的声发射事件特性，揭示了材料断裂韧性和声发射特性 间的关系.试验结果表明，材料稳态裂纹扩展起始于K_1C并发射出许多幅值超过 阈值35 dB的信号，材料裂纹失稳扩展时爆发出强烈的声发射信号，材料断裂的累积声发射能与宏 观断裂能呈线性关系. 关键词： 声发射 断裂韧性 铝合金     

PROPAGATION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES IN PRESTRESSED ANISOTROPIC LAYERED PIEZOELECTRIC STRUCTURES

The propagation of surface acoustic waves in layered piezoelectric structures withinitial stresses is investigated.The phase velocity equations are obtained for electrically free andshorted cases,respectively.Effects of the initial stresses on the phase velocity and the electrome-chanical coupling coefficient for the fundamental mode of the layered piezoelectric structures arediscussed.Numerical results for the c-axis oriented fihn of LiNbO_3 on a sapphire substrate aregiven.It is found that the fractional change in phase velocity is a linear function with the ini-tial stresses,and the electromechanical coupling factor increases with an increase of the absolutevalues of the compressive initial stresses.The results are useful for the design of surface acousticwave devices.     

液体表面低频声波的非线性声光效应

实现了液体表面上低频声波的光衍射,得到了稳定的、具有高阶衍射的高反衬衍射图样.理论上首次考虑到表面声波中的高次谐波,得到了相应的非线性条件下衍射强度分布的解析表达式,并将这种非线性理论与实验结果进行对比.对比结果表明,非线性理论与实验结果有更高的吻合程度.     

Focussed surface acoustic waves on an anisotropic crystal, studied by optical probing

Efficient focussing of surface acoustic waves has been achieved using a properly shaped gold film deposit on the −22.3° rotated Y-cut surface of quartz. The acoustic wave field was studied with laser probing techniques. A more than threefold increase in intensity and a tenfold decrease in beam width was observed at the focal point. The focussing action was obtained with the elastic wave equivalent of the Fresnel phase-reversal zone plate of optics. The multiple foci of this device allowed a simultaneous generation of acoustic waves in nearly all directions on the surface. Consequently, the surface wave velocity anisotropy could be determined completely. The experimental results are in very good agreement with the calculated velocity anisotropy. Electromagnetic diffraction theory is adopted to the two dimensional anisotropic system to analyse the performance of the focussing device.     

Residual stress determination in aluminium using electromagnetic acoustic transducers

The residual stresses in a shrink-fit specimen were measured ultrasonically, using shear-horizonal (SH) waves transmitted and received by noncontacting electromagnetic acoustic transducers. The presence of stress induces a small change in the velocity of the SH-waves. The difference in velocities of orthogonally polarized SH-waves (acoustic birefringence) was measured with a simple time-interval averaging system; this velocity difference can be related to the difference of principal stresses. The presence of material anisotropy (texture) in the specimen also causes relative velocity changes comparable to stress-induced changes. A simple method was used to remove the anisotropy-dependent component of the total relative velocity change, thereby allowing a determination of residual stress. This method consisted of measuring the birefringence in unstressed reference specimens and subtracting it from the birefringence measured at stressed locations. For the specimen used here, good agreement between theoretical and experimental values of stress was obtained.     

Transport and harvesting of suspended particles using modulated ultrasound

Polystyrene particles of 9 μm diameter were acoustically concentrated along the axis of a water-filled cylindrical waveguide containing a 3 MHz standing wave field. Modulation of the acoustic field enabled transport of the concentrated particles in the axial direction. Four modulations were investigated; 1, a fixed frequency difference introduced between two transducers; 2, ramping the transducer frequency; 3, tone burst, i.e. sound that is pulsed on and off, allowing intermittent sedimentation under gravity; and 4, switching the sound off to allow continuous sedimentation. The most efficient transport (leaving the fewest particles in suspension) of clumps to one end of the container was achieved with method 1 above. In this system the maximum speed of transport of the axial clumps was 24 mm s^-1. A theory developed here for the transport of particles in a pseudo (i.e. slowly moving) standing wave field predicts an upper limit, which increases with particle size, for the speed of an entrained body. For a single 9 μm diameter particle in a field with a spatial peak pressure amplitude of 0.4 MPa this speed would be 0.5 mm s^-1. The higher experimental speeds observed here emphasize the value of acoustically concentrating particles into relatively large clumps prior to initiating transport.